然而,“为何”和“如何”并不是企业理论核心问题的全部,还有“一个最严重的理论问题”(F. Knight, 1921),那就是规模与效率的关系,即:企业规模(size)可以无限扩大吗?这与企业边界(boundary)问题不同,后者是指静态一般均衡情况下市场与企业的替代关系,而前者是指动态非均衡情况下企业规模与效率的替代关系。Coase(1937)在评价Knight(1921)的企业规模理论时可能只是部分地把握了Knight的本意,其分析起点和分析在许多方面与Knight的研究甚至是根本对立的(参见D. Boudreaux和R. Holcombe, 1989)。 从新韦伯主义企业理论中的科层效率观点中可以推论,科层的效率只与决策规则及其制定、修改及遵循有关,但是它的分析起点仍然是“Coase的边界”,而非“Knight的规模”。T. Lewis(1983)、Williamson(1985,2002)、P. Milgrom 和 J. Roberts(1990)都认为企业规模不可能无限扩大,代表了当前主流的观点;李陈华、文启湘(2004)从流通企业的“复制”(分店扩张)和“选择性干预”(现代信息控制技术)两个方面,针对这种主流观点作出了进一步讨论,从某种程度上否定了Williamson等人的“复制和选择性干预不可能性定理”。
亚当•斯密极端地描述了市场效率的奇妙,而马克思•韦伯则极端地描述了计划(科层)效率的奇妙。计划经济的失败可能并不在于其本身的种种缺陷,而在于决策和控制技术上的限制,沃尔玛作为全球500强的老大,其规模(2630亿美元)已经大大超过许多小国家的GDP总额,但经营效率一直很高。新韦伯主义理论和大型企业科层效率实践,为计划经济制度和科层效率思想提出了新的理论课题。:
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