以上简要讨论了HPV疫苗的发展现状。虽然HPV型别较多，但它极少发生变异，其型、亚型甚至主要变异株都是固定的，而且只有一小部分与癌症相关。它的变异率远远低于HIV。随着对HPV免疫作用机制的深入研究和一些疫苗临床试验的开展，研制开发有效的疫苗为一些高危类型感染者提供持久的保护，前景将是十分光明的。
参考文献 1 CAIN JM，HOWETT MK.PREVENTING CERVICAL CANCER.SCIENCE，2000，288:1753-1754. 2 MUNOZ N.HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND CANCER:THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIˉDENCE.JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY，2000，19:1-5. 3 李忠明.当代新疫苗，北京:高等教育出版社，2001，66. 4 S.H.VANDER，BURG.PRECLINICAL SAFETY AND EFFICIENCY OF TA-CIN，A REˉCOMBINANT HPV16L2E6E7FUSION PROTEIN VACCINE，IN HOMLOLGOUS AND HETERLOLGOUS PRIMEBOOST REGIMENS.VACCINE，2001，19:3652-3600. 5 KIRNBANER R，BOOY F，CHENG N，ET AL.PAPILLOMAVIRUS L1MAJOR CAPSID PROTEIN SELF-ASSEMBLES INTO VLP THAT ARE HIGHLY IMMUNOGENIC.PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA，1992，89:12180-12184. 6 SASAGAWA T，PUSHKO P，STEERS G，ET AL.SYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY OF VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES TYPE6AND TYPE16IN FISSION YEAST SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE.VIROLOGY，1995，206:126-135. 7 KIRNBANER R，BOOY F，CHENG N，ET AL.PAPILLOMAVIRUS L1MAJOR CAPSID PROTEIN SELF-ASSEMBLES INTO VLP THAT ARE HIGHLY IMMUNOGENIC.PROC NATL ACAD SCI USA，1992，89:12180-12184. 8 MULLER M，GISSMAN L，CRISTIANO RJ，ET AL.PAPILLOMAVIRRUS CAPSID BINDING AND UPTAKE BY CELLS FROM DIFFERENT TISSUES AND SPECIES.J VIROL，1995，69:948-954. 9 HARRO CD，PANG YS，RODEN RBS，ET AL.SAFETY AND IMMUNOGENICITY TRIAL IN ADULT VOLUNTEERS OF A HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS16L1VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLE VACCINE.JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUE，2001，93:284-292.
10 LEHTINEN M，DILLNER J.PREVENTIVEHUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINATION.SEX TANSM INF，2002，78:4-6. 11 KOUTSKY LA，AULT KA，WHEELER CM，ET AL.A CONTROLLED TRIAL OF A HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE16VACCINE.THE NEW ENGLANG JOURNAL OF MEDICINE，2002，347:1645-1651. 12 MU7LLER M，ZHOU J，REED TD，ET AL.CHIMERIC PAPILLOMAVIRUS-LIKE PARTICKES.VIROLOGY，1997，234:93-111. 13 RODEN RC，HUBBERT NL，KIRNBAUER R，ET AL.ASSESSMENT OF THE SEROLOGIˉCAL RELATEDNESS OF GENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUSES BY HEMAGGLUTINATION INHIBITION.J VIROL，1996，70:3298-3301. 14 DUPUY C，BUZONI-GATEL D，TOUZE A，ET AL.NASAL IMMUNIZATION OF MICE WITH HPV-16VLP OR WITH THE HPV-16L1GENE ELICITS SPECIFIC CYTOTOCXIC T LYMPHOCYTES IN VAGINAL DRAINING LYMPH NODES.J VIROL，1999，73:9063-9071. 15 GALLICHAN W.S，ROSETHAL K.L.SPECIFIC SECRETORY IMMUNE RESPONSES IN THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT FOLLOWING INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION WITH A RECOMˉBINANT ADENOVIRUS EXPRESSING BLYCOPROTEIN B OF HSV.VACCINE，1995，13:1589-1595. 16 SHI W，BU P，LIU JZ，ET AL.HPV16E7NDA VACCINE:MUTATION IN THE OPENREADING FRAME OF E7ENHANCES SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE INˉDUCTION AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY.J OF VIROLOGY，1999，73:7877-7881.